Are You at Risk of Cancer?

Dr. Rajat Bajaj, a distinguished Medical Oncologist, sheds light on the crucial topic of understanding your family's cancer risk. In this educational article, he navigates through the intricate world of gene variants, familial cancer syndromes, and the significance of family history in determining cancer risk.

Gene Variants and Cancer Risk

Certain gene variants, such as those in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, have been identified as factors that may increase the risk of specific cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers. These variants are referred to by various names, including pathogenic variants, disease-causing variants, cancer gene variants, or clinically actionable variants.

Understanding these genetic factors is essential as they can play a role in shaping an individual's susceptibility to cancer. However, it's crucial to note that inheriting such a gene variant doesn't guarantee the development of cancer. Instead, it may elevate the risk, making regular monitoring and preventive measures crucial.

Familial or Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

In some families, a cancer gene variant can be inherited by multiple individuals, leading to what is known as a familial or hereditary cancer syndrome. Contrary to common belief, inherited gene variants are responsible for a relatively small percentage of cancer cases, with lifestyle factors like smoking and obesity often playing a more significant role.

Dr. Bajaj emphasizes that inheriting a cancer gene variant doesn't translate to an immediate cancer diagnosis. It accelerates the process of cell damage accumulation, increasing the risk over time. Therefore, early detection and proactive measures become paramount.

Family History as a Predictor of Cancer Risk

Recognizing patterns within a family's cancer history can provide valuable insights into potential genetic factors. Families with a shared gene variant may exhibit patterns such as similar types of cancer, diagnoses at younger ages, or instances of multiple primary cancers. Common pairings include breast and ovarian cancer or bowel and womb cancer, sometimes accompanied by stomach or kidney cancer.

Additionally, certain gene variants are more prevalent in specific ethnic groups, emphasizing the importance of considering one's background when assessing cancer risk.

Addressing Concerns About Cancer Risk

Dr. Bajaj acknowledges that people may worry about cancer for various reasons, whether due to personal experiences or concerns about family members. While having relatives with cancer is not uncommon, it does not automatically imply a hereditary risk.

For those apprehensive about their family history, Dr. Bajaj advises consulting with a general practitioner (GP). GPs can evaluate the familial cancer pattern and, if necessary, refer individuals to genetics specialists who specialize in understanding, diagnosing, and managing genetic diseases.

Managing Hereditary Cancer Risk

Once referred to a genetics specialist, individuals undergo a comprehensive assessment. This includes evaluating genetic testing possibilities and considering whether the identified gene variant significantly increases cancer risk.

Based on the assessment, the genetics specialist provides personalized information on risk reduction strategies. These may include cancer screening tests, risk-reducing surgeries, medications, participation in clinical trials, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and family planning.

Dr. Bajaj emphasizes the importance of seeking emotional support when facing a heightened cancer risk. Genetic specialists, along with friends and family, can play a vital role in providing the necessary support and understanding during challenging times.

It's important to note that having family members with cancer doesn't guarantee that you will develop it. Instead, it suggests an increased likelihood compared to individuals without such a family history. The prevalence of inherited faulty genes contributing to cancer is estimated to be around 3 to 10 out of every 100 cases. Nevertheless, cancers resulting from inherited genetic mutations are less common than those influenced by other factors like aging, lifestyle choices, or environmental elements. If you find yourself concerned about your family's cancer history, reaching out to your general practitioner (GP) is a prudent step. 

In conclusion, Dr. Rajat Bajaj's comprehensive guide encourages individuals to proactively assess their family's cancer risk, debunking myths and providing clarity on genetic factors. Through early detection, risk reduction strategies, and emotional support, individuals can navigate their cancer risk with knowledge and resilience.