Understanding Hematuria(Blood in the Urine): Insights from Dr. Prem Kumar

Blood in the urine, medically known as hematuria, can be alarming. Dr. Prem Kumar, Additional Director of Urology at Fortis Hospitals, provides an in-depth understanding of this condition, its causes, and management.

What is Hematuria?

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It may be:

• Visible (Gross Hematuria): When blood is noticeable with the naked eye.
• Microscopic Hematuria: Detected only through lab tests.

Common Causes of Hematuria

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):

• Source: Can originate from the kidneys, ureters (tubes carrying urine from kidneys to the bladder), bladder, or genital tract.
• Symptoms: Painful urination, fever, and urgency.

Stones in the Urinary Tract:

• Kidney Stones: Abrasions caused by stones in the kidney lining lead to bleeding.
• Ureter Stones: Stones blocking urine flow in the ureters can cause irritation and bleeding.
• Bladder Stones: Stones in the bladder may also result in blood in the urine due to constant movement and friction.

Infections in Other Structures:

• Prostate Infections (Prostatitis): In men, infections in the prostate gland can lead to hematuria.
• Testicular Infections: Infections in testicles or seminal vesicles may also result in blood in urine.
• Female Genital Tract: Infections in the female urinary tract can similarly cause hematuria.

Tumors:

• Kidney Tumors: Often arising from the transitional cells of the urinary tract lining.
• Bladder Tumors: Cancer in the bladder can erode blood vessels, causing persistent bleeding.

Post-Surgical or Instrumentation Causes:

Procedures such as catheterization or surgical interventions can sometimes cause temporary hematuria.

How is Hematuria Diagnosed?

The evaluation of hematuria involves:

• Urine Routine and Microscopy: Detects infections, red blood cells, or other abnormalities.
• Ultrasound or CT Scans: Identifies structural causes like stones or tumors.

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

• Infections: Treated with appropriate antibiotics or antifungal medications.
• Stones: May require medications, shockwave lithotripsy, or surgical removal.
• Tumors: Managed with surgical intervention, chemotherapy, or radiation based on the severity and location.

Final Note

Hematuria, though sometimes harmless, can be a sign of a serious condition. If you notice blood in your urine or have abnormal lab results, seek medical advice promptly.

Message from Fortis Hospitals, Rajajinagar 
Stay informed, and prioritize your health. For expert care and evaluation of urological issues, visit Fortis Hospitals, Rajajinagar.