Gastric bypass surgery

Overview:

Gastric bypass surgery is a procedure that modifies the digestive system of a person to help them lose weight. The surgery changes how the person’s stomach and intestine process the food. The procedure aims at reducing the size of the stomach and decreasing the absorption of calories.

The doctor divides the stomach into two parts. The upper part is kept smaller and is the size of a walnut while the lower part is kept larger. The food enters the top portion of the stomach and since it is very small it accommodates very little food, making the person eat less and lose weight. Next, the doctor attaches a section of the small intestine to the upper part of the stomach letting food pass food from that section to enter the small intestine directly, bypassing the part of the stomach. This causes the body to absorb less calories.

What Are Different Types of Gastric Bypass Surgeries:

1-Open Surgery where the doctor cuts the stomach open and the bypass is performed by resizing the stomach and the small intestine.

2-Laparoscopy Surgery is a non-invasive procedure that involves making small incisions in the stomach and putting surgical instruments through them with a camera that helps the doctor to see inside while doing the surgery.

3-Robotic Surgery is done with the help of a robotic help. This procedure involves using robotic arms instead of laparoscopic tools and is controlled by the doctor with the help of a computer.

Who Does The Surgery Help?

•The surgery is advised for extremely obese people and obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and acid reflux.

•The person should be willing to adopt lifelong lifestyle changes by modifying the way they eat for good or they have the chance to put on weight again.

•The person should be mentally and physically fit for the procedure to avoid further complications from developing after the surgery. The person is usually screened for smoking and alcohol consumption.

•The person has tried to lose weight through other methods but they haven't worked for them and their health is significantly affected due to obesity.

The Health Conditions Gastric Bypass Surgery Helps Manage:

• Elevated blood sugar

• Hyperlipidemia.

• High blood pressure

• Heart disease.

• Diabetes.

• Fatty liver disease.

• Acid reflux.

• Sleep apnea.

• Osteoarthrosis.

The Procedure Details of Gastric Bypass Surgery: 

•The doctor asks the person to perform some tests like blood tests, ultrasound of the gall bladder, etc. The doctor also ensures that if the person has diabetes, hypertension or any heart or lung issues, they are under control.

•It would help the person consult a dietitian and a counselor for any diet restrictions and to be prepared mentally for major lifestyle changes after the surgery.

•The person is asked to stop smoking and consume excess alcohol as it interferes with the recovery process and increases complications.

•The doctor should be notified if the person is pregnant or is taking certain medications, especially for blood thinning.

•Depending on the person's requirement and preference, the type of surgery is performed.

•The person may be required to stay in the hospital for one to four days.

•After the procedure, the person is asked to sit on the side of the bed as well as move around a little. 

•A tube is inserted in the stomach through the nose to remove the fluids from the intestine. This process is done for a couple of days. A catheter is put in the bladder to remove urine.

•Food is restricted for the person for the first three days after the surgery and they can gradually resume with liquids and then soft pureed foods.

•A tube that connects to the larger part of the stomach that was bypassed is put from the side of the body to drain fluids.

•The person may be given stockings to prevent the formation of blood clots on the legs.  Medicines are also prescribed by the doctor to prevent blood clots and to reduce pain through an intravenous tube.

•Once the person is discharged they can gradually resume normal diet if there is no vomiting and can move around if there is no pain. 

What Are The Benefits Of The Surgery:

•The procedure is a tried and tested one and thoroughly researched in comparison to other weight loss methods and procedures.

•The surgery has the highest number of success rates in the long term.

•Follow-up studies have indicated weight loss even after many years and the resolution of many obesity-related health problems and people have been able to wean themselves off the medicine for those conditions.

What Are The Risks in the Procedure:

The gastric bypass procedure comes with certain risks which include:

•Allergic reactions to anesthesia and certain medicines.

•Breathing problems

•Bleeding or blood clotting

•Heart problems

•Infection.

•Inflammation and ulcer in the stomach.

•Heartburn.

•Injury to the stomach, and intestines during the procedure.

•Malnutrition due to lack of absorption of calories.

•Scars inside the stomach causing bowel blockage in the future due to narrowing or obstruction of the small intestine.

•Nausea and vomiting.

•Leakage from the area where the stomach has been stitched causing infection inside the abdominal cavity.

•Hernias.

•Dumping syndrome which is a group of symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, cramps, etc. that occur due to the fast dumping of food from the stomach to the intestine.

•Bile reflux happens because the surgery affects the opening between the stomach and the intestine leading to a malfunction.

•Gallstones due to rapid weight loss release excess cholesterol to the liver which in turn sends bile to the gall bladder that can accumulate and form gallstones.

•Weight gain can happen if the person doesn’t control their diet and expands the small section of the stomach with more food.

During the recovery period, the person may experience the following side effects:

•Tiredness as the liquid diet may not be able to provide sufficient nutrition.

•Mood swings caused by hormonal changes in the body.

•Changes in the bowels as the small intestine is not able to absorb sufficient water from the food as it did before influencing the consistency of the stools.

•Body pain, hair loss, and feeling cold due to the fast weight loss initially.

Conclusion:

Gastric bypass surgery is a great way to lose excessive weight and enjoy better health by managing obesity-related conditions. However, it requires a person to commit to lifestyle modifications for the rest of their lives which may be more challenging than it sounds. The person should have a detailed discussion with the doctor before they opt for the procedure regarding the risks and side effects and ensure that they are mentally prepared to accept the significant change of habits that the surgery requires to be successful.

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