Cancer Treatment: Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies" by Dr Niti Raizada

In the past, we used to categorize cancer solely based on its location, such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, or bile duct cancer. However, the approach to cancer treatment has evolved significantly. We now understand that cancer is not just about its name; it's about the molecular spectrum of the disease. 

For example, a cancer like cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) can have various subtypes at the molecular level. The same goes for lung cancer, which can exhibit different molecular subtypes. Each of these subtypes demands a personalized approach, known as targeted treatment or biologic therapy. This involves administering precise oral drugs or injections that specifically target the molecular characteristics of that subtype of cancer. 

Immunotherapies, on the other hand, are a different class of treatments. They are drugs that modify the body's immune response to cancer. These therapies work by enhancing the body's natural defences against cancer, effectively modulating the immune system to fight the disease more effectively. 

These ground-breaking treatments, including targeted drugs and immunotherapies, have truly revolutionized our approach to cancer care. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, the side effects associated with these therapies, like hair loss, nausea, fatigue, and weight loss, are not typically experienced. Moreover, the results achieved with these new treatments have been nothing short of remarkable. 

In summary, the world of cancer treatment has changed dramatically with the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We are now moving towards precision oncology, where each patient's unique cancer profile guides the treatment decisions. This approach offers hope for improved outcomes and a better quality of life for those battling cancer.