Kidney Stones are characterized by sudden intense pain; the stones are lumps of mineral that accumulate typically in the kidney (nephrolithiasis) in the ureter (ureterolithiasis), in the bladder (cystolithiasis) or by what their composition might be calcium oxalate, uric acid, cysteine etc. Most stones form due to a combination of genetics and environmental factors when the minerals in the urine are at high concentration.

Small stones may pass without showing any symptoms however if the stone grows more than 5 mm in size it can cause a blockage causing severe pain in the lower back or abdomen. Drinking fluids can help dissolve small stones if this is not effective medication could help. Larger stones might require various medical procedures.