Mirena (Hormonal IUD)

Overview

Mirena is an intrauterine device name for birth control. An intrauterine device or IUD is a type of birth control method done by placing specific devices inside the uterus. These devices prevent one from becoming pregnant. It is placed by a healthcare provider and is removed by them when an individual plans to get pregnant. 

IUDs are of two types. They are copper-based IUDs and Hormonal IUDs. These types of birth control measures are called Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). These can be placed in the uterus for as long as 8-10 years and can be removed when an individual plans pregnancy or when it is time to remove it. 

Mechanism of IUD

Mirena is a hormonal IUD. It is a T-shaped plastic frame and is the brand name of an intrauterine device. It is a type of levonorgestrel-containing IUD, which means it releases a hormone called progestin. This device thickens the mucosa in the cervix, prevents the sperm penetration into the egg, and stops fertilization. It also prevents the release of the egg from the ovaries by thinning the lining of the uterus. 

Indications: 

Mirena is an FDA-approved IUD used to prevent pregnancy. It is indicated when an individual wants to avoid unplanned or unwanted pregnancies. It is indicated when an individual is planning for long-term birth control. It is a procedure of choice for long-term non-surgical birth control. 

Apart from birth control, it is also indicated in women with severe menstrual cramps or bleeding. It is indicated when an individual has a condition of the uterus called endometriosis and an abnormal lining of the uterus called endometrial hyperplasia. It is also indicated when an individual uterus muscles show abnormal growths called adenomyosis and anemia caused by heavy bleeding. 

Contraindications

Mirena is not indicated when an individual is pregnant or planning to get pregnant. This is also not for those who have an active sexually transmitted infection (STI) or who have a high risk of contracting STI. In cancers of the breast, cervix, and uterus, these IUDs are not indicated. It is also not advised for individuals who have severe vaginal or uterine bleeding. IUDs are also not indicated in individuals with liver disorders and pelvic inflammatory diseases. It is also not advisable for individuals with fibroids, which makes the placement of an IUD difficult. In structural abnormalities of the uterus, IUDs are not preferred. 

Advantages

Mirena is a long-term birth control method. It has many advantages over other birth control procedures. They are: 

• It is a non-surgical method and does not involve the partner. 
• It can be placed for eight to ten years in the uterus without changing.
• It can be removed at any time when planning for pregnancy. 
• It is always in place, and hence, one need not pause during sexual activity. 
• It can also be used as an emergency birth control plan within five days of unprotected sexual activity. 
• It can also reduce severe menstrual cramps.
• It can also reduce the chance of pelvic inflammatory disease and the chance of uterine cancer (endometrial cancer). 

Before the Procedure: 

Before undergoing the placement of an IUD, an individual should give a complete history to an HCP, including the intake of medications like supplements, herbal products, or medications for any health concern. The presence of health conditions like hypertension, diabetes, cardiac diseases, stroke, migraines, and blood clotting problems should be informed to the HCP. HCP will do a physical examination to check for any unknown pregnancies and will be screened for sexually transmitted infections. 

During the Procedure 

During the placement of Mirena, a device called a speculum will be used to open the vagina. Then vagina will be cleaned using an antiseptic solution. The vagina will be held in position by using special instruments. Based on the shape, size, and depth of the uterus, the mirena is selected. 

Using a tube, mirena is placed inside the uterus by folding its arms. This tube enters the cervical canal and places the mirena in position. The tube is removed, and the mirena strings are trimmed. 

After the Procedure 

Mirena is checked in the uterus after a month for its position and any infection. HCP removes the Mirena by grasping the strings and gently pulling it out. Mild bleeding and cramping can occur during its removal. 

Painkillers will be prescribed in case of pain. One might feel a little dizzy and experience mild cramps or pain and bleeding after the device's placement. Mirena starts working immediately if placed during the menstrual cycle, or it may take at least a week after the menstrual cycle. 

Risks and Complications

Some certain risks and complications can occur due to IUD, like unusual vaginal bleeding, fever, pelvic pain, pain during sex, unusual vaginal discharge, headaches, migraines, yellowing of the skin and eyes, the unusual length of the strings or parts of the device which indicate movement of the device or unable to feel a part of the strings. 

Unusual pregnancy occurring outside the uterus is one of the rare complications that arise in IUD placement. Occasionally, mirena can cause uterine tears when placed inside the uterus. Sometimes, mirena can come out of the uterus if placed immediately after delivery, if having heavy bleeding during the menstrual cycle, or if younger than 20 years old. 

Conclusion

Mirena is a highly effective and convenient contraceptive option for individuals seeking long-term birth control. It is a non-surgical method of birth control method and has long-lasting effectiveness. Mirena is a valuable contraceptive choice for many individuals seeking reliable birth control.