Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, begins in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is the most common gynecological cancer, primarily affecting postmenopausal women.

Types:

• Endometrial Carcinoma: The most common type, which begins in the endometrium.
• Uterine Sarcoma: A rarer and more aggressive type, originating in the muscle or connective tissue of the uterus.

Risk Factors:

• Hormone Imbalance: High estrogen levels without progesterone balance.
• Obesity: Linked to higher estrogen levels.
• Diabetes: Associated with a higher risk.
• Late Menopause: Prolonged exposure to estrogen.

Symptoms:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially post-menopause.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort.
• Unusual vaginal discharge.
• Pain during intercourse.

Investigation:

• Transvaginal Ultrasound: To assess the thickness of the endometrium.
• Endometrial Biopsy: Main diagnostic tool to examine endometrial cells.
• Hysteroscopy: Used to view and biopsy the uterus lining.
• Imaging Tests: CT or MRI scans may be done for staging.

Treatment Options:

• Surgery: Hysterectomy, often including removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes.
• Radiation Therapy: Used if cancer is high-risk or for advanced stages.
• Chemotherapy: Often for aggressive or advanced cases.
• Hormone Therapy: Maintenance therapy
• Immunotherapy: Advanced stages   

Prognosis:
Uterine cancer detected early has a good prognosis. Advanced stages or aggressive subtypes may require more extensive treatment, affecting survival rates.